liteselling.blogg.se - Vroom 1964 expectancy theory pdf download

Valence is the importance that the individual places upon the expected outcome. Transparency of the process that decides who gets what outcome.Trust in the people who will take the decisions on who gets what outcome.Clear understanding of the relationship between performance and outcomes – e.g.if I do a good job, there is something in it for me. The degree to which a first level outcome will lead to the second level outcome.

Instrumentality is the belief that if you perform well that a valued outcome will be received. supervisor support, or correct information on the job)

Having the necessary support to get the job done (e.g.

Having the right resources available (e.g.

if I work harder then this will be better. He uses the variables Expectancy, Instrumentality and Valence to account for this.Įxpectancy is the belief that increased effort will lead to increased performance i.e.

He stated that effort, performance and motivation are linked in a person’s motivation. Vroom realized that an employee’s performance is based on individual factors such as personality, skills, knowledge, experience and abilities. Vroom’s expectancy theory assumes that behavior results from conscious choices among alternatives whose purpose it is to maximize pleasure and to minimize pain. Whereas Maslow and Herzberg look at the relationship between internal needs and the resulting effort expended to fulfil them, Vroom’s expectancy theory separates effort (which arises from motivation), performance, and outcomes.